Journal of Movement Disorders

Original Articles

Association between Olfactory Deficit and Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease: Han Soo Yoo, Seok Jong Chung, Yang Hyun Lee, Byoung Seok Ye, Young H. Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(2):133-141. Published online April 6, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19082

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Objective
To investigate whether baseline olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients is associated with baseline and longitudinal motor and cognitive function.
Methods
We recruited 228 drug-naïve PD patients who were followed for a mean of 6 years. Patients underwent the Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CCSIT), a neuropsychological test, and N-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane positron emission tomography within 6 months of the baseline evaluation. Olfactory dysfunction was categorized as normosmia (CCSIT score ≥ 9), hyposmia (CCSIT score 5–8), and anosmia (CCSIT score ≤ 4). During the follow-up period, we investigated changes in the levodopa-equivalent dose (LED) and the occurrence of wearing-off, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and dementia.
Results
Among the PD patients, 80.7% were hyposmic at the time of diagnosis, and 26.1% were anosmic. Baseline olfactory dysfunction was not associated with either initial parkinsonian motor symptoms or with the longitudinal LED increment and motor complications. Meanwhile, the anosmic group had lower baseline scores on the Korea version of the Boston Naming Test and Stroop color reading test than the normosmic and hyposmic groups. The anosmic group exhibited a higher rate of conversion to dementia than the normosmic [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–14.72] and hyposmic (adjusted HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.15–5.32) PD groups, regardless of baseline motor deficits and cognitive status.
Conclusion
Baseline olfactory dysfunction was not associated with motor deficits and complications, but it was associated with cognitive dysfunction and prognosis, suggesting that severe olfactory impairment may reflect early cortical involvement, probably in the frontotemporal region, and rapid spreading of Lewy body pathology.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Correlation of olfactory function factors with cardiac sympathetic denervation in Parkinson’s disease
Dong-Woo Ryu, Sang-Won Yoo, Ko-Eun Choi, Yoon-Sang Oh, Joong-Seok Kim
Journal of Neurology.2024; 271(3): 1397. CrossRef
Estimating motor progression trajectory pursuant to temporal dynamic status of cardiac denervation in Parkinson’s disease
Sang-Won Yoo, Dong-Woo Ryu, Yoon-Sang Oh, Seunggyun Ha, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Yuna Kim, Ji-Yeon Yoo, Joong-Seok Kim
Journal of Neurology.2024; 271(4): 2019. CrossRef
Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease, Its Functional and Neuroanatomical Correlates
Gabriel Torres-Pasillas, Donají Chi-Castañeda, Porfirio Carrillo-Castilla, Gerardo Marín, María Elena Hernández-Aguilar, Gonzalo Emiliano Aranda-Abreu, Jorge Manzo, Luis I. García
NeuroSci.2023; 4(2): 134. CrossRef
Impact of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on olfaction in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features and functional hypotheses
G. Brand, C. Bontempi, L. Jacquot
Revue Neurologique.2023; 179(9): 947. CrossRef
Sequential change in olfaction and (non) motor symptoms: the difference between anosmia and non-anosmia in Parkinson’s disease
Ting-Chun Fang, Yu-Shan Tsai, Ming-Hong Chang
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Traumatic brain injury-induced inflammatory changes in the olfactory bulb disrupt neuronal networks leading to olfactory dysfunction
Xiang Liu, Zhuofan Lei, Dylan Gilhooly, Junyun He, Yun Li, Rodney M. Ritzel, Hui Li, Long-Jun Wu, Shaolin Liu, Junfang Wu
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity.2023; 114: 22. CrossRef
Serum Biomarkers of Olfactory Identification Deficits in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Fu-Jia Li, Yang-Dan-Yu Li, Xu Liu, Jie Zu, Wei Zhang, Qi-Hua Xiao, Xue-Bin Niu, Li Du, Chen-Chen Cui, Ru-Yu Zhang, Xiao-Qing He, Gui-Yun Cui, Chuan-Ying Xu, Dominic B. Fee
Acta Neurologica Scandinavica.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
UPSIT subitems may predict motor progression in Parkinson’s disease
Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ting-Chun Fang, Hsin-Bei Lei, Shih-Chi Chiu, Ming-Hong Chang, Yi-Jen Guo
Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Olfactory dysfunction is associated with motor function only in tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease
Fardin Nabizadeh, Kasra Pirahesh, Elham Khalili
Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(7): 4193. CrossRef
Novel diagnostic tools for identifying cognitive impairment using olfactory-stimulated functional near-infrared spectroscopy: patient-level, single-group, diagnostic trial
Jaewon Kim, Dong Keon Yon, Kyu Yeong Choi, Jang Jae Lee, Namwoo Kim, Kun Ho Lee, Jae Gwan Kim
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Olfactory System in the Etiogenesis of Parkinson’s Diseases: An Overview
Jiju Narayanan Avanipully, Dithu Thekkekkara, Sahyadri M, Vipan K. Parihar, Santhepete Nanjundaiah Manjula
Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics.2022; 13(1): 31. CrossRef
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction
Zara M. Patel, Eric H. Holbrook, Justin H. Turner, Nithin D. Adappa, Mark W. Albers, Aytug Altundag, Simone Appenzeller, Richard M. Costanzo, Ilona Croy, Greg E. Davis, Puya Dehgani‐Mobaraki, Richard L. Doty, Valerie B. Duffy, Bradley J. Goldstein, David
International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology.2022; 12(4): 327. CrossRef
Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Tommaso Ercoli, Carla Masala, Gianluca Cadeddu, Marcello Mario Mascia, Gianni Orofino, Angelo Fabio Gigante, Paolo Solla, Giovanni Defazio, Lorenzo Rocchi
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(5): 513. CrossRef
Olfactory dysfunction and striatal dopamine transporter binding in motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease
Fardin Nabizadeh, Fatemeh Sodeifian, Kasra Pirahesh
Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(8): 4745. CrossRef
Olfaction and Executive Cognitive Performance: A Systematic Review
Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy, Peter William Schofield
Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Nasal and Parotid Blood Pool Activity Is Significantly Correlated with Metabolic Syndrome Components and Sleep Apnea
William T. Phillips, Nasser J. Issa, Shereef B. Elhalwagi, Hilda T. Draeger, Joyce G. Schwartz, Jonathan A. Gelfond
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2022; 20(7): 395. CrossRef
Chronic neuropsychiatric sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2: Protocol and methods from the Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium
Gabriel A. de Erausquin, Heather Snyder, Traolach S. Brugha, Sudha Seshadri, Maria Carrillo, Rajesh Sagar, Yueqin Huang, Charles Newton, Carmela Tartaglia, Charlotte Teunissen, Krister Håkanson, Rufus Akinyemi, Kameshwar Prasad, Giovanni D'Avossa, Gabriel
Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Machine learning-based prediction of cognitive outcomes in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Joshua Harvey, Rick A. Reijnders, Rachel Cavill, Annelien Duits, Sebastian Köhler, Lars Eijssen, Bart P. F. Rutten, Gemma Shireby, Ali Torkamani, Byron Creese, Albert F. G. Leentjens, Katie Lunnon, Ehsan Pishva
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on Hyposmia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease Is Influenced by Constipation and Dysbiosis of Microbiota
Chao Li, Ying Hou, Xu Wang, Yue-xuan Li, Feng Li, Chao Zhang, Wei-guo Li
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Hyposmia may predict development of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease
Jae Jung Lee, Jin Yong Hong, Jong Sam Baik
Journal of Neural Transmission.2021; 128(6): 763. CrossRef
Clinical and Dopamine Depletion Patterns in Hyposmia- and Dysautonomia-Dominant Parkinson’s Disease
Han Soo Yoo, Sangwon Lee, Seong Ho Jeong, Byoung Seok Ye, Young H. Sohn, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2021; 11(4): 1703. CrossRef

Heterogeneous Patterns of Striatal Dopamine Loss in Patients with Young- versus Old-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: Impact on Clinical Features: Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2019;12(2):113-119. Published online May 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18064

7,575 View
159 Download
25 Web of Science
26 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Ample evidence has suggested that age at onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with heterogeneous clinical features in individuals. We hypothesized that this may be attributed to different patterns of nigrostriatal dopamine loss.
Methods
A total of 205 consecutive patients with de novo PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scans (mean follow-up duration, 6.31 years) were divided into three tertile groups according to their age at onset of parkinsonian motor symptoms. Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was compared between the old- (n = 73) and young-onset (n = 66) groups. In addition, the risk of developing freezing of gait (FOG) and longitudinal requirements for dopaminergic medications were examined.
Results
The old-onset PD group (mean age at onset, 72.66 years) exhibited more severe parkinsonian motor signs than the young-onset group (52.58 years), despite comparable DAT availability in the posterior putamen; moreover, the old-onset group exhibited more severely decreased DAT availability in the caudate than the young-onset group. A Cox regression model revealed that the old-onset PD group had a higher risk for developing FOG than the young-onset group [hazard ratio 2.523, 95% confidence interval (1.239–5.140)]. The old-onset group required higher doses of dopaminergic medications for symptom control than the young-onset group over time.
Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the old-onset PD group exhibited more severe dopamine loss in the caudate and were more likely to develop gait freezing, suggesting that age at onset may be one of the major determinants of the pattern of striatal dopamine depletion and progression of gait disturbance in PD.

Citations

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The Molecular Pathway of p75 Neurotrophin Receptor (p75NTR) in Parkinson’s Disease: The Way of New Inroads
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Molecular Neurobiology.2024; 61(5): 2469. CrossRef
Patterns of regional cerebral hypoperfusion in early Parkinson's disease: Clinical implications
Seok Jong Chung, Su Hong Kim, Chan Wook Park, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Yun Joong Kim, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 121: 106024. CrossRef
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Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Esraa H. Fahad, Salah Al-Windy, Suzy A. El-Sherbeni, Walaa A. Negm, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
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The Concept of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease: New Wine in Old Bottles?
Merle C. Hoenig, Verena Dzialas, Alexander Drzezga, Thilo van Eimeren
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Memory Phenotypes In Early, De Novo Parkinson's Disease Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Mattia Siciliano, Rosa De Micco, Andrea Gerardo Russo, Fabrizio Esposito, Valeria Sant'Elia, Lucia Ricciardi, Francesca Morgante, Antonio Russo, Jennifer G. Goldman, Carlo Chiorri, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Luigi Trojano, Alessandro Tessitore
Movement Disorders.2023; 38(8): 1461. CrossRef
A meta-analysis identifies factors predicting the future development of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease
Talia Herman, Yael Barer, Michal Bitan, Shani Sobol, Nir Giladi, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
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Premorbid Educational Attainment and Long-Term Motor Prognosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, Kyoungwon Baik, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2022; 12(1): 129. CrossRef
Treatment Enhances Betweenness Centrality of Fronto-Parietal Network in Parkinson’s Patients
Qing Liu, ZhongYan Shi, Kexin Wang, Tiantian Liu, Shintaro Funahashi, Jinglong Wu, Jian Zhang
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Yae Ji Kim, Chan Wook Park, Hye Won Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Seok Jong Chung
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Potential Link Between Cognition and Motor Reserve in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Yong Jeong, Young H. Sohn
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Gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide as a biomarker in early Parkinson's disease
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Case Report

A Case of Isolated Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis with Hemichorea and Moyamoya Pattern Collateralization: Seok Jong Chung, Hyung Seok Lee, Han Soo Yoo, Kyung Min Kim, Ki Jeong Lee, Jong-Soo Kim, Jae-Wook Lee, Jong Hun Kim, Jeong Hee Cho, Gyu Sik Kim, Jun Hong Lee, Sun-Ah Choi; J Mov Disord. 2013;6(1):13-16.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.13003

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Abstract PDF

Isolated middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis in young patients with no other medical condition may be a unique pathologic entity with a benign long-term course. Generally, moyamoya disease shows a progression of stenosis from internal cerebral artery (ICA) to other intracranial vessel. A 26-year-old woman was admitted for choreic movements of the right arm and leg. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no stroke. Conventional angiography revealed 48% stenosis of the left M1 without ICA stenosis. Single photon emission computed tomography revealed perfusion asymmetry after acetazolamide injection, suggesting decreased uptake in the left basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex. Her hemichorea was mildly decreased with risperidone. One year later, follow-up angiography showed complete occlusion of the left M1 with neovascularization suggestive of moyamoya disease. The patient underwent bypass surgery and her hemichorea disappeared. This may be an atypical presentation of moyamoya disease. The bypass surgery was an effective measure for restoring the vascular insufficiency and, resultantly, controlling her hemichorea.

Citations

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Geriatric Case of Moyamoya Disease Presenting with Hemiballismus as an Initial Manifestation
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Persistent Hemichorea as a Preceding Symptom of Cerebral Infarction Due to Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis
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Hideaki Shibata, Yuichi Hayashi, Nobuaki Yoshikura, Megumi Yamada, Akio Kimura, Takayoshi Shimohata
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